Childcare and maternal part-time employment: a natural experiment using Swiss cantons

Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics

Table 4 Difference-in-differences estimates of the impact of the reform on maternal employment by different individual and household characteristics

	Active	High part-time	Full-time
Disaggregation by educational levels
Lower-secondary	0.01	0.01	− 0.01
	(0.17)	(0.27)	(− 0.20)
	6687	6687	6687
Upper-secondary	− 0.01	0.05**	0.02
	(− 0.35)	(2.62)	(1.52)
	24,446	24,446	24,446
Tertiary	− 0.05	− 0.02	− 0.03**
	(− 1.32)	(− 0.53)	(− 2.31)
	12,386	12,386	12,386
Disaggregation by marital status
Married or cohabitating	− 0.02	0.02*	0.00
	(− 1.04)	(1.80)	(0.13)
	41,869	41,869	41,869
Single mothers	− 0.08	− 0.02*	− 0.04
	(− 0.89)	(− 1.96)	(− 0.52)
	1650	1650	1650
Disaggregation by number of children
1 child	− 0.01	0.02	− 0.01
	(− 0.31)	(0.89)	(− 0.21)
	16,845	16,845	16,845
2 children	− 0.02	0.02*	0.00
	(− 0.65)	(1.72)	(0.20)
	18,937	18,937	18,937
3 or more children	− 0.03	0.00	0.00
	(− 0.62)	(0.06)	(0.21)
	7737	7737	7737

Source: Swiss Labour Force Survey 1992–2014
The sample is restricted to mothers between 20 and 50 years of age with at least one child between 0 and 3 years of age. Depending on the disaggregation, controls include age, education, marital status, nationality, number of children and income of other family members. The difference-in-differences corresponds to a model with controls, cantons and years fixed-effects and clustered standard errors. T-statistics are reported in parenthesis above the number of observations. ** and * denote statistical significance at 0.01, 0.05 levels, respectively