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Table 1 Estimation results, explaining trade openness in 2012

From: Openness and productivity of the Swiss economy

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Constant

−2.21*

(− 1.76)

2.43***

(3.96)

− 2.74**

(− 2.31)

2.45***

(6.69)

Population

− 0.18***

(− 5.30)

− 0.19***

(− 5.45)

−0.19***

(− 5.80)

−0.20***

(− 9.26)

Demand

0.51***

(5.32)

 

0.57***

(6.14)

 

Demand2

 

0.20***

(5.24)

 

0.24***

(8.76)

Adjusted R2

0.70

0.70

0.74

0.77

Standard error

0.29

0.30

0.27

0.26

  1. t statistics in parentheses; *significant at the 10% level; **significant at the 5% level; ***significant at the 1% level. Demand weighted by the inverse of (squared) distance between capitals in model 1 (model 2), weighted by the inverse of (squared) distance between cells model 3 (model 4)