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Table 2 Static regression table (immediate effects only), 1987–2016

From: Are apprenticeships business cycle proof?

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Δlog(Pop. aged 16)t,t−1

0.249***

0.274***

0.266***

0.244***

0.243***

 

(0.061)

(0.070)

(0.069)

(0.060)

(0.059)

ΔUnemployedt,t−1

− 1.542***

  

− 1.486***

− 1.290***

 

(0.361)

  

(0.350)

(0.397)

\(\Delta \text {Unemployed}^{\Delta >0}_{t,t-1}\)

    

− 0.108

     

(0.107)

ΔGDP growtht,t−1

 

− 0.009

   
  

(0.054)

   

ΔGDP growtht−1,t−2

  

0.108**

0.085*

0.116*

   

(0.052)

(0.044)

(0.066)

\(\Delta \mathrm {GDP\;growth^{\Delta <0}_{t-1,t-2}}\)

    

− 0.069

     

(0.114)

\(\Delta \text {Trend}^{1987-1991}_{t,t-1}\)

0.001

0.006

0.007

0.002

0.002

 

(0.004)

(0.005)

(0.005)

(0.004)

(0.004)

\(\Delta \text {Trend}^{1992-2016}_{t,t-1}\)

0.033***

0.037***

0.036***

0.033***

0.033***

 

(0.009)

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.009)

(0.008)

Constant

− 0.025***

− 0.029***

− 0.029***

− 0.025***

− 0.025***

 

(0.008)

(0.010)

(0.010)

(0.008)

(0.008)

Observations

780

780

780

780

780

Number of region

26

26

26

26

26

  1. Dependent variable: Δlog(Apprenticeshipst,t−1). First difference model with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE, in brackets). ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1