Table 2 Covariate means in synthetic Denmark

Outcome variable in 1990

5.74

5.63

2.40

2.40

1.67

1.67

1.96

1.96

3.80

3.80

24.40

24.35

Outcome variable in 1995

5.49

5.45

2.53

2.53

1.81

1.81

2.08

2.07

3.85

3.85

24.60

24.61

Outcome variable in 2000

5.12

5.20

2.64

2.64

1.90

1.91

2.14

2.14

3.90

3.90

24.90

24.90

Food demand structure (first p.c.)

5.50

3.78

5.50

3.36

5.50

4.45

5.50

4.15

5.50

3.01

5.50

3.25

Food demand structure (second p.c.)

0.71

0.58

0.71

− 0.27

0.71

− 1.32

0.71

− 0.84

0.71

0.50

0.71

0.52

Log health expenditure in 2000

2.09

2.02

2.09

2.09

2.09

2.20

2.09

2.14

2.09

2.08

2.09

2.06

Consumer price index in 1990

66.11

61.01

66.11

70.87

66.11

74.88

66.11

70.17

66.11

79.88

66.11

77.83

Consumer price index in 1995

72.86

68.92

72.86

74.72

72.86

80.55

72.86

78.63

72.86

79.45

72.86

80.32

Consumer price index in 2000

81.68

75.65

81.68

82.10

81.68

86.34

81.68

84.71

81.68

84.97

81.68

86.02

Consumer price index growth

2.18

2.63

2.18

2.74

2.18

2.07

2.18

2.14

2.18

1.28

2.18

1.47

Consumer price index growth in 1990

2.65

6.99

2.65

3.92

2.65

3.97

2.65

3.75

2.65

3.47

2.65

2.71

Consumer price index growth in 1995

2.10

4.10

2.10

2.95

2.10

1.69

2.10

1.44

2.10

1.58

2.10

1.42

Consumer price index growth in 2000

2.92

4.27

2.92

2.27

2.92

1.87

2.92

2.14

2.92

2.13

2.92

1.65

Latitude

56.29

− 15.50

56.29

47.98

56.29

43.66

56.29

45.52

56.29

48.89

56.29

49.06

Longitude

9.50

121.67

9.50

8.83

9.50

10.20

9.50

8.84

9.50

26.66

9.50

28.17

Share of age-dependent population

48.82

49.91

48.82

48.99

48.82

49.59

48.82

50.12

48.82

48.87

48.82

47.66

Birth rate

12.80

13.93

12.80

11.73

12.80

12.02

12.80

11.98

12.80

11.26

12.80

11.26

IQ

98.00

98.11

98.00

99.69

98.00

100.05

98.00

99.87

98.00

99.35

98.00

100.15

Population growth

0.36

1.09

0.36

0.41

0.36

0.54

0.36

0.46

0.36

0.41

0.36

0.41

Systolic blood pressure

30.33

25.79

30.33

26.32

30.33

24.56

30.33

23.98

30.33

29.34

30.33

27.93

Life expectancy

75.59

77.86

75.59

76.34

75.59

77.43

75.59

77.24

75.59

77.02

75.59

77.43

Log GDP per capita

9.92

9.83

9.92

9.79

9.92

9.92

9.92

9.90

9.92

9.79

9.92

9.82

Log GDP per capita in 1990

9.82

9.75

9.82

9.71

9.82

9.85

9.82

9.82

9.82

9.73

9.82

9.74

Log GDP per capita in 1995

9.92

9.82

9.92

9.78

9.92

9.91

9.92

9.89

9.92

9.77

9.92

9.81

Log GDP per capita in 2000

10.05

9.97

10.05

9.92

10.05

10.03

10.05

10.01

10.05

9.91

10.05

9.93

Log fruit intake

4.35

4.46

4.35

4.36

4.35

4.37

4.35

4.31

4.35

4.40

4.35

4.45

Log vegetables intake

4.37

4.43

4.37

4.70

4.37

4.73

4.37

4.78

4.37

4.46

4.37

4.55

Log sugar intake

3.91

3.83

3.91

3.90

3.91

3.90

3.91

3.99

3.91

3.81

3.91

3.84

Log protein intake

4.65

4.63

4.65

4.58

4.65

4.63

4.65

4.61

4.65

4.58

4.65

4.58

Log fat intake

4.90

4.85

4.90

4.92

4.90

4.91

4.90

4.95

4.90

4.92

4.90

4.91

Log calories intake

8.11

8.03

8.11

8.15

8.11

8.15

8.11

8.18

8.11

8.10

8.11

8.11