From: The impact of contactless payment on cash usage at an early stage of diffusion
Stayers | Attritors | t test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean diff. |
Income (in 1000) | |||||||
< 25 | 0.185 | 0.389 | 1128 | 0.181 | 0.386 | 1039 | − 0.026 |
0.3 cm 25–49 | 0.358 | 0.480 | 1128 | 0.313 | 0.464 | 1039 | − 0.014 |
50–74 | 0.219 | 0.414 | 1128 | 0.251 | 0.434 | 1039 | 0.029 |
75–99 | 0.132 | 0.338 | 1128 | 0.116 | 0.321 | 1039 | − 0.025 |
100–124 | 0.037 | 0.188 | 1128 | 0.061 | 0.239 | 1039 | 0.026** |
125–199 | 0.049 | 0.216 | 1128 | 0.052 | 0.223 | 1039 | 0.009 |
> 200 | 0.021 | 0.142 | 1128 | 0.025 | 0.158 | 1039 | 0.001 |
Education | |||||||
< High school | 0.046 | 0.209 | 1132 | 0.078 | 0.268 | 1041 | 0.023 |
High school | 0.432 | 0.496 | 1132 | 0.343 | 0.475 | 1041 | − 0.072* |
Some college | 0.265 | 0.442 | 1132 | 0.292 | 0.455 | 1041 | 0.033 |
College | 0.168 | 0.374 | 1132 | 0.193 | 0.395 | 1041 | 0.015 |
Post graduate | 0.089 | 0.285 | 1132 | 0.093 | 0.291 | 1041 | 0.002 |
Employment | |||||||
Working | 0.789 | 0.408 | 1018 | 0.753 | 0.431 | 959 | − 0.036 |
Retired | 0.119 | 0.324 | 1018 | 0.168 | 0.374 | 959 | 0.050** |
Unemployed | 0.019 | 0.135 | 1018 | 0.005 | 0.074 | 959 | − 0.013* |
Other | 0.062 | 0.242 | 1132 | 0.064 | 0.245 | 1041 | − 0.001 |
Marital status | |||||||
Single | 0.200 | 0.400 | 1132 | 0.195 | 0.396 | 1041 | 0.003 |
Married | 0.622 | 0.485 | 1132 | 0.641 | 0.480 | 1041 | 0.019 |
Separated | 0.134 | 0.340 | 1132 | 0.120 | 0.325 | 1041 | − 0.021 |
Widowed | 0.044 | 0.206 | 1132 | 0.044 | 0.206 | 1041 | − 0.001 |
Age | |||||||
< 25 | 0.099 | 0.299 | 1132 | 0.157 | 0.364 | 1040 | 0.047 |
25–34 | 0.178 | 0.383 | 1132 | 0.188 | 0.391 | 1040 | 0.026 |
35–44 | 0.186 | 0.389 | 1132 | 0.177 | 0.382 | 1040 | − 0.013 |
45–54 | 0.239 | 0.427 | 1132 | 0.154 | 0.361 | 1040 | − 0.095*** |
55–64 | 0.135 | 0.342 | 1132 | 0.156 | 0.363 | 1040 | 0.015 |
> 65 | 0.161 | 0.368 | 1132 | 0.167 | 0.373 | 1040 | 0.021 |
Ethnicity | |||||||
White | 0.733 | 0.443 | 1132 | 0.750 | 0.433 | 1041 | 0.035 |
Black | 0.139 | 0.346 | 1132 | 0.098 | 0.298 | 1041 | − 0.064** |
Asian | 0.036 | 0.187 | 1132 | 0.030 | 0.171 | 1041 | − 0.0001 |
Latino | 0.133 | 0.34 | 1132 | 0.168 | 0.374 | 1041 | 0.037 |
Other | 0.092 | 0.289 | 1132 | 0.122 | 0.327 | 1041 | 0.031 |
Others | |||||||
Male | 0.485 | 0.500 | 1132 | 0.480 | 0.500 | 1041 | 0.004 |
HH members | 1.316 | 1.528 | 1132 | 1.331 | 1.584 | 1041 | 0.034 |
Revolver | 0.403 | 0.491 | 1122 | 0.403 | 0.491 | 1019 | − 0.015 |
Home owner | 0.671 | 0.470 | 1129 | 0.693 | 0.462 | 1018 | 0.058 |