From: The impact of contactless payment on cash usage at an early stage of diffusion
(1) | (2) | (3) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | b | se | b | se | b | se |
Contactless debit | − 0.904* | (0.502) | − 0.942 | (0.634) | − 0.941 | (0.625) |
log(income) | 0.186 | (0.131) | 0.151 | (0.186) | 0.179 | (0.185) |
Interest rate | 0.180 | (0.119) | 0.195 | (0.164) | 0.171 | (0.165) |
Education | ||||||
High school | 1.397*** | (0.281) | 1.366*** | (0.319) | 1.794*** | (0.345) |
Some college | 1.176 | (1.763) | − 5.620 | (5.910) | − 5.640 | (6.675) |
College | 2.032 | (1.993) | − 4.699 | (6.010) | − 4.814 | (6.763) |
Post graduate | 2.141 | (1.893) | − 4.665 | (6.004) | − 4.771 | (6.758) |
Employment | ||||||
Working | − 0.171 | (0.258) | 0.112 | (0.322) | 0.096 | (0.310) |
Retired | − 0.442 | (0.322) | − 0.378 | (0.616) | − 0.231 | (0.605) |
Other | − 0.149 | (0.215) | − 0.178 | (0.312) | − 0.246 | (0.310) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | − 0.182 | (0.864) | 0.729 | (1.050) | 0.685 | (1.027) |
Married | − 0.925 | (0.578) | − 0.718 | (0.591) | − 0.725 | (0.562) |
Separated | − 1.370 | (0.845) | − 1.189 | (0.922) | − 1.201 | (0.909) |
Age | ||||||
25–34 | 0.377 | (0.443) | − 0.167 | (0.892) | − 0.220 | (0.916) |
35–44 | 0.675 | (0.567) | 0.491 | (0.947) | 0.490 | (0.948) |
45–54 | 0.880 | (0.687) | 0.472 | (1.085) | 0.444 | (1.075) |
55–64 | 0.779 | (0.743) | 0.408 | (1.155) | 0.337 | (1.145) |
> 65 | 0.612 | (0.841) | 0.215 | (1.268) | 0.033 | (1.255) |
Other | ||||||
HH members | 0.074 | (0.093) | 0.125 | (0.116) | 0.108 | (0.113) |
CC revolver | 0.127 | (0.199) | − 0.033 | (0.249) | − 0.054 | (0.244) |
Home owner | − 0.034 | (0.391) | 0.040 | (0.472) | 0.048 | (0.461) |
Rel. characteristics | ||||||
Security | 0.054 | (0.084) | 0.027 | (0.083) | ||
Setup | − 0.056 | (0.191) | − 0.086 | (0.189) | ||
Acceptance | − 0.168 | (0.224) | − 0.140 | (0.212) | ||
Costs | 0.098 | (0.168) | 0.103 | (0.166) | ||
Records | 0.098 | (0.128) | 0.060 | (0.126) | ||
Convenience | 0.118 | (0.128) | 0.112 | (0.126) | ||
Withdrawal method | ||||||
Bank teller | − 0.550** | (0.215) | ||||
Check casher | − 0.631 | (0.392) | ||||
Cashback | 0.276 | (0.302) | ||||
Employer | 1.804* | (0.964) | ||||
Family | 0.017 | (0.448) | ||||
Other | 1.824*** | (0.566) | ||||
Constant | − 0.233 | (2.324) | 5.909 | (5.481) | 5.619 | (6.049) |
R 2 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 0.041 | |||
Observations | 3882 | 3090 | 3089 | |||
Individuals | 906 | 900 | 899 |