Table 1 High-frequency indicators and monthly measures of economic activity (2019–2021)
Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NO2 | NO2 | NO2 | CO | CO | CO | Mobility | Mobility | Mobility | |
Industrial production (IP) | 0.365665*** (0.077) | 0.173088*** (0.059) | 8.497571* (4.251) | ||||||
Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) | 0.253454*** (0.085) | − 0.082399 (0.085) | 2.700382 (3.941) | ||||||
Composite leading indicator (CLI) | 0.004974** (0.002) | 0.003803 (0.002) | 1.040853*** (0.365) | ||||||
Constant | − 0.011543 (0.035) | 0.011421 (0.037) | − 0.463284** (0.189) | − 0.016109 (0.043) | 0.001686 (0.038) | − 0.398601 (0.237) | 0.258797 (1.670) | − 0.913749 (1.740) | − 102.413798*** (36.859) |
Observations | 1178 | 1070 | 1017 | 976 | 956 | 803 | 944 | 918 | 592 |
R-squared | 0.262 | 0.201 | 0.213 | 0.119 | 0.061 | 0.074 | 0.574 | 0.519 | 0.623 |
Country FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Time FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
No. of countries | 43 | 39 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 31 | 57 | 54 | 37 |