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Table 8 Estimates of models that include multiple lag lengths (CUM_DRUGc,t, CUM_DRUGc,t−8, and CUM_DRUGc,t−12)

From: The association between pharmaceutical innovation and both premature mortality and hospital utilization in Switzerland, 1996–2019

Model

Dependent variable

Lag (k)

Estimate

Std. err

95% Lower confidence

95% Upper confidence

Z

Pr >|Z|

1

ln(YPLL85ct)

0

0.249

0.224

 − 0.191

0.688

1.11

0.2676

8

 − 0.544

0.180

 − 0.896

 − 0.191

 − 3.02

0.0025

12

0.014

0.166

 − 0.312

0.339

0.08

0.9344

2

ln(YPLL85ct)

8

 − 0.501

0.226

 − 0.944

 − 0.058

 − 2.22

0.0266

3

ln(YPLL75ct)

0

0.115

0.264

 − 0.402

0.632

0.44

0.6617

8

 − 0.691

0.213

 − 1.109

 − 0.273

 − 3.24

0.0012

12

0.148

0.222

 − 0.288

0.584

0.67

0.5048

4

ln(YPLL75ct)

8

 − 0.630

0.258

 − 1.135

 − 0.124

 − 2.44

0.0147

5

ln(YPLL65ct)

0

 − 0.022

0.385

 − 0.776

0.733

 − 0.06

0.9553

8

 − 0.893

0.236

 − 1.355

 − 0.431

 − 3.79

0.0001

12

0.264

0.325

 − 0.373

0.902

0.81

0.4164

6

ln(YPLL65ct)

8

 − 0.799

0.247

 − 1.283

 − 0.316

 − 3.24

0.0012

7

ln(HOSP_DAYSct)

0

0.749

0.271

0.218

1.281

2.76

0.0058

8

 − 0.460

0.218

 − 0.888

 − 0.033

 − 2.11

0.0348

12

 − 0.199

0.134

 − 0.462

0.065

 − 1.48

0.1389

8

ln(HOSP_DAYSct)

8

 − 0.369

0.179

 − 0.719

 − 0.019

 − 2.07

0.0388

9

ln(ALOSct)

0

0.031

0.067

 − 0.100

0.163

0.47

0.6415

8

 − 0.120

0.047

 − 0.212

 − 0.027

 − 2.54

0.0112

12

 − 0.061

0.058

 − 0.175

0.052

 − 1.06

0.2891

10

ln(ALOSct)

8

 − 0.153

0.062

 − 0.275

 − 0.031

 − 2.46

0.0137