Table 13 Technological improvement rates and breakthrough innovations: breakthrough measures across industries (part I)
From: Digital technologies, technological improvement rates, and innovations “Made in Switzerland”
Dependent variables | FWD75 | FWD90 | FWD99 |
|---|---|---|---|
Model | (1) | (2) | (3) |
Variables | |||
Digital:Chemical | 12.053*** (0.931) | 8.035*** (0.704) | 1.630*** (0.346) |
Digital:Computer/ICT | 2.363*** (0.338) | 2.062*** (0.232) | 0.292*** (0.066) |
Digital:Electrical | 8.078*** (0.712) | 6.985*** (0.391) | 1.607*** (0.102) |
Digital:Machinery | 1.717*** (0.496) | 1.260*** (0.254) | 0.243*** (0.053) |
Digital:Medical | 10.772*** (0.765) | 7.333*** (0.690) | 1.675*** (0.335) |
Digital:Pharma | 3.141*** (0.502) | 1.501*** (0.432) | 0.330*** (0.140) |
Non-digital: k:Chemical | 0.348*** (0.030) | 0.191*** (0.021) | 0.015*** (0.005) |
Digital: k:Chemical | 0.008 (0.017) | − 0.005 (0.020) | − 0.010** (0.004) |
Non-digital: k:Computer/ICT | 0.148*** (0.028) | 0.086*** (0.017) | 0.007* (0.004) |
Digital: k:Computer/ICT | 0.035** (0.016) | 0.020*** (0.007) | 0.003** (0.001) |
Non-digital: k:Electrical | 0.651*** (0.040) | 0.415*** (0.030) | 0.063*** (0.006) |
Digital: k:Electrical | 0.220*** (0.027) | 0.124*** (0.016) | 0.028*** (0.009) |
Non-digital: k:Machinery | 0.241*** (0.022) | 0.167*** (0.016) | 0.029*** (0.004) |
Digital: k:Machinery | 0.044* (0.024) | 0.039*** (0.014) | 0.010*** (0.004) |
Non-digital: k:Medical | 0.398*** (0.095) | 0.227*** (0.044) | 0.024** (0.011) |
Digital: k:Medical | 0.003 (0.047) | 0.020 (0.023) | 0.007 (0.012) |
Non-digital: k:Pharma | 0.172*** (0.052) | 0.087** (0.040) | 0.012 (0.011) |
Digital: k:Pharma | 0.078* (0.046) | 0.059* (0.034) | 0.015 (0.012) |
Control variables | |||
inv | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
num_ctry | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Claims | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
bwd_cits | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Fixed effects | |||
Industry | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Year | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Year-Industry | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Observations | 3,243,802 | 3,243,802 | 3,243,802 |