Table 2 Technological improvement rates and breakthrough innovations across industries
From: Digital technologies, technological improvement rates, and innovations “Made in Switzerland”
Dependent variable | FWD90 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Model | (1) | (2) | (3) |
Digital: Chemical | 5.736*** (0.459) | 8.035*** (0.704) | |
Digital: Computer/ICT | 1.843*** (0.279) | 2.062*** (0.232) | |
Digital: Electrical | 4.806*** (0.198) | 6.985*** (0.391) | |
Digital: Machinery | 0.866*** (0.295) | 1.260*** (0.254) | |
Digital: Medical | 3.596*** (0.413) | 7.333*** (0.690) | |
Digital: Pharma | 1.536*** (0.343) | 1.501*** (0.432) | |
k:Chemical | 0.117*** (0.026) | ||
k:Computer/ICT | 0.021*** (0.006) | ||
k:Electrical | 0.256*** (0.015) | ||
k:Machinery | 0.054*** (0.009) | ||
k:Medical | 0.167*** (0.031) | ||
k:Pharma | 0.096*** (0.035) | ||
Non-digital: k:Chemical | 0.191*** (0.021) | ||
Digital: k:Chemical | − 0.005 (0.020) | ||
Non-digital: k:Computer/ICT | 0.086*** (0.017) | ||
Digital: k:Computer/ICT | 0.020*** (0.007) | ||
Non-digital: k:Electrical | 0.415*** (0.030) | ||
Digital: k:Electrical | 0.124*** (0.016) | ||
Non-digital: k:Machinery | 0.167*** (0.016) | ||
Digital: k:Machinery | 0.039*** (0.014) | ||
Non-digital: k:Medical | 0.227*** (0.044) | ||
Digital: k:Medical | 0.020 (0.023) | ||
Non-digital: k:Pharma | 0.087** (0.040) | ||
Digital: k:Pharma | 0.059* (0.034) | ||
Control variables | |||
inv | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
num_ctry | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Claims | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
bwd_cits | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Fixed effects | |||
Industry | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Year | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Year-Industry | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) | \(\checkmark\) |
Observations | 3,243,802 | 3,243,802 | 3,243,802 |