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Table 3 Improvement rates of the 10 top and bottom ranked technologies

From: Digital technologies, technological improvement rates, and innovations “Made in Switzerland”

Technology Code (UPC-IPC)

Predicted k (technological improvement rate)

Technology Description

Digital domain

719-G06F

216

Dynamic information exchange and support systems integrating multiple channels

Yes

709-G06F

207

Network management specifically client-server applications

Yes

709-G06Q

206

Network messaging system including advertisement

Yes

709-H04L

203

Network address and access management

Yes

726-H04L

200

Securing Enterprise Networks by system architecture (including security policies), user authentication, on the enterprise network, VPNs and defense mechanisms against DDoS attacks

Yes

726-G06F

195

Enterprise networks access management by individual users

Yes

725-H04N

194

Content delivery in video distribution systems

Yes

713-H04L

188

Data Encryption systems, including hybrid software/hardware systems and protocols for encryption, security associated with access and other security issues

Yes

380-H04N

180

methods and apparatus for mixing encrypted digital data with unencrypted digital data

Yes

707-G06F

179

Data management (including databases and novel data structures) for enabling and automating ecommerce activities

Yes

280-B62H

3

Supports for two wheeled vehicle and locks

No

280-B60S

3

Vehicle stabilization and miscellaneous operations

No

280-B60D

3

Hitching assemblies for towing vehicles

No

252-C10M

3

Lubricants

No

24-A45F

3

Clips, hooks, straps, ties, etc., for holding household items

No

227-B25C

3

Fastener driving apparatus—Power-assisted nail guns, staplers, etc.

No

223-A41D

3

Physical manipulation of clothes, particularly hangers

No

211-A47L

3

Racks and Trays for household items

No

16-B25G

3

Handles

No

84-G10D

3

Stringed, wind-based, percussion musical instruments

No

  1. The information of columns 1–3 is directly taken from Singh et al. (2021, p. 19–20). Column 4 is derived using information from Inaba and Squicciarini (2017)