Skip to main content

Interchange fees as a mechanism to raise rivals’ costs — some evidence from Switzerland

Summary

In 2004 the Swiss Competition Commission (ComCo) opened an investigation concerning multilateral agreed interchange fees in the Swiss credit card market which ended with an amicable settlement. The most important element of this amicable settlement consists in the limitation of the interchange fee to the actual network costs of the issuers. In this paper I discuss whether there was a market failure in the Swiss credit card market which justified the intervention by ComCo and whether the remedies imposed in the amicable settlement eliminated the alleged market failure.

References

  • Armstrong, Mark (2006), “Competition in two-sided markets”, Rand Journal of Economics, 37(3), pp. 668–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, Wiliam F. (1983), “Bank Interchange of Transactional Paper: Legal Perspectives”, Journal of Law and Economics, 26, pp. 541–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caillaud, Bernard and Bruno Jullien (2003), “Chicken & egg: competition among intermediation service providers”, Rand Journal of Economics, 34(2), pp. 309–328.

  • Carlton, Dennis W. and Alan S. Frankel (1995), “The Antitrust Economics of Payment Card Networks”, Antitrust Law Journal, 63, pp. 643–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakravorti, Sujit (2003), “Theory of Credit Card Networks: A Survey of the Literature”, Review of Network Economics, 2 (2), pp. 50–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ComCo (2006), “Kreditkarten — Interchange Fee”, Recht und Politik des Wettbewerbs, 1, pp. 65–130.

  • Evans, David S. (2003), “Some Empirical Aspects of Multi-sided Platform Industries”, Review of Network Economics, 2 (3), pp. 191–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, Alan S. and Allan L. Shampine (2006), “The Economic Effects of Interchange Fees”, Antitrust Law Journal, 73, pp. 627–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gans, Joshua S. and Stephen P. King (2001), “The Role of Interchange Fees in Credit Card Associations: Competitive Analysis and Regulatory Issues”, Australian Business Law Review, 29(1), pp. 94–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, Robert M. (2003), “An Introduction to the Economics of Payment Card Networks”, Review of Network Economics, 2 (3), pp. 80–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, Michael L. (2001), “Reform of Credit Card Schemes in Australia II: Commissioned Report”, Reserve Bank of Australia.

  • Klein, Benjamin, Andreas V. Lerner, Kevin M. Murphy and Lacy L. Plache (2006), “Competition in Two-sided Markets: The Antitrust Economics of Payment Card Interchange Fees”, Antitrust Law Journal, 73, pp. 571–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reserve Bank of Australia (2002), “Reform of Credit Card Schemes in Australia — IV Final Reforms and Regulation Impact Statement 6”, Reserve Bank of Australia.

  • Rochet, Jean-Charles and Jean Tirole (2002), “Cooperation Among Competitors: Some Economics of Credit Card Associations”, Rand Journal of Economics, 33, pp. 549–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rochet, Jean-Charles and Jean Tirole (2003), “An Economic Analysis of the Determination of Interchange Fees in Payment Card Systems”, Review of Network Economics, 2 (2), pp. 69–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochet, Jean-Charles (2003), “The Theory of Interchange Fees: A Synthesis of Recent Contributions”, Review of Network Economics, 2 (2), pp. 79–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rochet, Jean-Charles and Jean Tirole (2004a), “Two-sided Markets: An Overview”, IDEI working paper.

  • Rochet, Jean-Charles and Jean Tirole (2004b), “Defining Two-sided Markets”, IDEI working paper.

  • Roson, Roberto (2005), “Two-Sided Markets: A Tentative Survey”, Review of Network Economics, 4 (2), pp. 142–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmalensee, Richard (2002), “Payment Systems and Interchange Fees”, Journal of Industrial Economics, 50, pp. 103–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Small, John and Julian Wright (2001), “The bilateral negotiation of Interchange Fees in Payment Schemes”, mimeo, NECG and University of Auckland.

  • Weiner, Stuart E. and Julian Wright (2005), “Interchange Fees in Various Countries: Developments and Determinants”, Review of Network Economics, 4 (4), pp. 290–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Julian (2003), “Optimal Card Payment Systems”, European Economic Review, 47, pp. 587–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Julian (2004a), “The Determinants of Optimal Interchange Fees in Payment Systems”, Journal of Industrial Economics, 52, pp. 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright Julian (2004b), “One-sided logic in Two-sided Markets”, Review of Network Economics, 3 (1), pp. 42–63.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samuel Rutz.

Additional information

All views contained in this text are solely those of the author and cannot be attributed to the Swiss Competition Commission or its Secretariat. The author would like to thank Martin Brown, Stefan Bühler and Sarah Rivière for helpful comments.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rutz, S. Interchange fees as a mechanism to raise rivals’ costs — some evidence from Switzerland. Swiss J Economics Statistics 146, 507–532 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03399325

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03399325

JEL-Classification

Keywords