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Table 3 Difference-in-differences estimates of the impact of the reform on maternal employment

From: Childcare and maternal part-time employment: a natural experiment using Swiss cantons

 

Only 0–3

Also 4–15

Active

High part-time

Full-time

Active

High part-time

Full-time

2003

− 0.01

0.01

0.00

− 0.01

0.00

0.01

2004

− 0.03

0.00

0.00

− 0.01

0.02

0.01

2005

− 0.03

0.03

− 0.02

− 0.04

0.01

0.00

2006

0.02

0.04

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

2007

− 0.04

0.04

0.00

− 0.04

0.03

0.00

2008

0.00

0.02

− 0.01

− 0.02

0.02

− 0.01

2009

0.03

0.05**

− 0.01

0.03

0.07**

0.00

2010

0.01

0.02

− 0.01

0.02

0.02

− 0.02

2011

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.00

0.04*

0.02

2012

− 0.03

− 0.02

0.02

− 0.04*

0.00

0.01

2013

− 0.02

− 0.01

0.00

− 0.03

0.00

− 0.01

2014

− 0.01

0.01

− 0.01

− 0.03

0.01

− 0.01

Average effect

− 0.01

0.02

− 0.00

− 0.02

0.02*

0.00

t-statistic

(− 0.28)

(1.11)

(− 0.14)

(− 1.00)

(1.72)

(0.13)

N

23,357

23,357

23,357

43,519

43,519

43,519

  1. Source: Swiss Labour Force Survey 1992–2014
  2. The sample is restricted to mothers between 20 and 50 years of age who have at least one child between 0 and 3 years of age. Controls include age, education, marital status, nationality, number of children and income of other family members. In all specifications, clustered standard error at the cantonal level and cantons and years fixed effects are used. T-statistics are reported in parentheses above the number of observations. ** and * denote statistical significance at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively