Table 13 Estimated parameter values from the systems of equations
From: Factor substitution in Swiss manufacturing: empirical evidence using micro panel data
Cost function | Linear logit | Translog | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy-use | All | Low | Medium | High | All | Low | Medium | High |
β kk | \(\underset {(1.0271)}{-1.5323}^{}\) | \(\underset {(1.40383)}{-\thinspace 0.3261}\) | \(\underset {(1.37144)}{-\thinspace 2.8252}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(1.89095)}{-\thinspace 1.4632}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.0253)}{-\thinspace 0.0469}^{*}\) | \(\underset {(0.04405)}{-\thinspace 0.0146}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.03973)}{-\thinspace 0.0859}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(0.04697)}{-\thinspace 0.0325}^{}\) |
β kl | \(\underset {(0.1451)}{0.0361}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.22205)}{-\thinspace 0.1439}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.24317)}{-\thinspace 0.1153}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.28905)}{ 0.4746}^{*}\) | \(\underset {(0.009)}{0.0144}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.01667)}{ 0.0115}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.01671)}{-\thinspace 0.0062}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.02104)}{ 0.0510}^{**}\) |
β ke | \(\underset {(0.9812)}{-\thinspace 0.1921}^{}\) | \(\underset {(1.30739)}{ 2.6823}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(1.26284)}{ 0.7123}^{}\) | \(\underset {(1.8406)}{-4.1125}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(0.0064)}{-\thinspace 0.006}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00446)}{ 0.0054}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00428)}{ 0.0005}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.01588)}{-\thinspace 0.0278}^{*}\) |
β km | \(\underset {(0.3294)}{0.7777}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(0.53995)}{ 0.2512}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.4757)}{ 1.4241}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.76975)}{ 0.7326}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.0310)}{0.0385}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.05161)}{-\thinspace 0.0023}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.04804)}{ 0.0916}^{*}\) | \(\underset {(0.06072)}{ 0.0093}^{}\) |
β ll | \(\underset {(0.2293)}{0.1659}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.34239)}{-\thinspace 0.0876}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.3597)}{ 0.3397}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.46448)}{ 0.2412}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.011)}{0.0129}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.0183)}{-\thinspace 0.0355}^{*}\) | \(\underset {(0.01913)}{ 0.0499}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.01845)}{ 0.0209}^{}\) |
β le | \(\underset {(0.2302)}{-\thinspace 0.4714}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(0.34582)}{-\thinspace 0.3215}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.35269)}{-\thinspace 0.8072}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(0.4639)}{ 0.0108}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.0021)}{-0018}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00096)}{-\thinspace 0.0019}^{*}\) | \(\underset {(0.00174)}{-\thinspace 0.0057}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00629)}{ 0.0072}^{}\) |
β lm | \(\underset {(0.1030)}{-\thinspace 0.1507}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.1605)}{ 0.1518}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.16274)}{-\thinspace 0.2123}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.20774)}{-\thinspace 0.5160}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(0.0161)}{-\thinspace 0.0253}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.02718)}{ 0.0259}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.02806)}{-\thinspace 0.0380}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.03152)}{-\thinspace 0.0791}^{**}\) |
β ee | \(\underset {(0.8534)}{1.8319}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(1.12522)}{-25.0307}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(1.09236)}{ 13.6234}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(1.52994)}{-\thinspace 1.8234}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.0054)}{0.0019}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00268)}{ 0.0001}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00362)}{ 0.0077}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(0.01391)}{-\thinspace 0.0071}^{}\) |
β em | \(\underset {(0.4231)}{0.0528}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.6342)}{-\thinspace 1.0517}^{*}\) | \(\underset {(0.53985)}{-\thinspace 0.7720}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.95967)}{ 2.5192}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.011)}{0.0059}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00699)}{-\thinspace 0.0036}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00775)}{-\thinspace 0.0026}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.02741)}{ 0.0277}^{}\) |
β mm | \(\underset {(0.5460)}{-\thinspace 0.2741}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.85543)}{-\thinspace 0.2413}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.74858)}{-\thinspace 0.4695}^{}\) | \(\underset {(1.2455)}{-\thinspace 0.1279}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.0367)}{-\thinspace 0.0188}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.05867)}{-\thinspace 0.0200}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.05643)}{-\thinspace 0.0511}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.07306)}{ 0.0421}^{}\) |
linear trend | \(\underset {(0.0026)}{-\thinspace 0.0087}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00536)}{-\thinspace 0.0136}^{**}\) | \(\underset {(1e-04)}{-\thinspace 0.0004}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00417)}{-\thinspace 0.0109}^{***}\) | ||||
quadratic trend | \(\underset {(1e-05)}{ 3e-05}^{***}\) | |||||||
β Ky | \(\underset {(0.0200)}{-\thinspace 0.0912}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.0407)}{ 0.0010}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.02987)}{-\thinspace 0.1820}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.03257)}{-\thinspace 0.0660}^{** }\) | \(\underset {(0.0019)}{0.0122}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00299)}{ 0.0175}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00317)}{ 0.0028}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00334)}{ 0.0182}^{***}\) |
β Ly | \(\underset {(0.0159)}{-\thinspace 0.3492}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.03541)}{-\thinspace 0.3025}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.02483)}{-\thinspace 0.3755}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.02521)}{-\thinspace 0.3589}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.0019)}{-\thinspace 0.0610}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00382)}{-\thinspace 0.0550}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00369)}{-\thinspace 0.0629}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00327)}{-\thinspace 0.0635}^{***}\) |
β Ey | \(\underset {(0.0224)}{-\thinspace 0.2394}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.04123)}{-\thinspace 0.2746}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.02563)}{-\thinspace 0.2315}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.04538)}{-\thinspace 0.2133}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.0004)}{-\thinspace 0.0004}^{}\) | \(\underset {(0.00021)}{-\thinspace 0.001}^{***}\) | \(\underset {(0.00027)}{-\thinspace 0.0005}^{*}\) | \(\underset {(0.00116)}{ 0.0002}^{}\) |
N | 7396 | 2462 | 2461 | 2473 | 7396 | 2462 | 2461 | 2473 |