Table 1 Descriptive statistics

1804–1849: Competing currencies

−0.8

13.3

−1.4

10.7

1850–1873: Bimetallism

2.9

9.3

2.2

6.6

3.2

11.6

3.9

5.2

1874–1906: Gold Standard

−0.7

3.1

−1.1

4.3

−1.3

5.6

1.5

4.0

1907–1944: World War period

2.3

8.1

2.3

14.5

2.3

8.5

2.7

9.1

1945–1973: Bretton Woods

2.3

2.1

1.0

3.3

3.6

2.7

6.7

3.9

1974–1999: Monetary targeting

3.2

2.5

1.4

4.1

3.0

3.2

3.8

3.2

2000–2017: Inflation targeting

0.5

0.9

−0.1

2.3

0.6

0.9

1.6

2.4