| |
CPI
|
WPI
|
DEFL
|
NGDP
|
|---|
| |
Mean
|
Std.
|
Mean
|
Std.
|
Mean
|
Std.
|
Mean
|
Std.
|
|---|
|
1804–1849: Competing currencies
|
−0.8
|
13.3
|
−1.4
|
10.7
| | | | |
|
1850–1873: Bimetallism
|
2.9
|
9.3
|
2.2
|
6.6
|
3.2
|
11.6
|
3.9
|
5.2
|
|
1874–1906: Gold Standard
|
−0.7
|
3.1
|
−1.1
|
4.3
|
−1.3
|
5.6
|
1.5
|
4.0
|
|
1907–1944: World War period
|
2.3
|
8.1
|
2.3
|
14.5
|
2.3
|
8.5
|
2.7
|
9.1
|
|
1945–1973: Bretton Woods
|
2.3
|
2.1
|
1.0
|
3.3
|
3.6
|
2.7
|
6.7
|
3.9
|
|
1974–1999: Monetary targeting
|
3.2
|
2.5
|
1.4
|
4.1
|
3.0
|
3.2
|
3.8
|
3.2
|
|
2000–2017: Inflation targeting
|
0.5
|
0.9
|
−0.1
|
2.3
|
0.6
|
0.9
|
1.6
|
2.4
|
- Mean and standard deviation of log-changes in percent
