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Table 7 Estimates of correlations and P values in the bivariate selection model using two-step and one-step methods

From: Sample selection bias with multiple dependent selection rules: an application to survey data analysis with multilevel nonresponse

Method

Correlation

Two-step

One-step

P value

Bivariate selection models

Output value and noncontact

0.069

0.052

0.852

Output value and refusal

− 0.576

− 0.411

0.000

Univariate selection model

Output value and nonresponse

− 0.393

− 0.287

0.000

  1. The sample size is 1236 establishments with 865 respondents, 55 noncontacts and 316 refusals. P values are calculated for one-step method