Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the main variables 2015–2018

Training investment per employee (thousand euro)

0.227

0.319

Investment in physical capital per employee (thousand euro)

6.248

9.586

Self-reported financial constraints AC (% of firms)

0.055

0.228

Index FC (financing constraints index)

0

1

Leverage: debt to assets ratio

0.532

0.199

Cash flow to assets ratio

0.103

0.060

NPL ratio (percent)

7.126

6.479

Return on equity

0.279

0.237

Real sales per capita

222.805

177.423

Firm age

4.586

0.779

Total assets (log)

4.001

2.099

Subsidiary (% of firms)

0.361

0.480

Foreign owned (% of firms)

0.225

0.418

Hampered by business regulations (% of firms)

0.287

0.452

Hampered by labour market regulations (% of firms)

0.284

0.451

Hampered by lack of staff with the right skills (% of firms)

0.457

0.498