Table 1 Short name, description, descriptive statistics and data source for all the variables and responses used in the analysis. For more details regarding the interpretation of the values of the non-pharmaceutical policy variables, see the description under https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-tracker/blob/master/documentation/codebook.md, last visited August 21, 2023

\(Y_{i,t}\)

Response variables

r

estimated effective reproductive number

(1.05, 1.15, 0.38)

COVID

growth.new.cases

approximate weekly growth rate in supposed new infections from week \(t-1\) to week t

(0.05, 0.15, 0.67)

COVID

\(M_{i,t}\)

Strict facial-mask policy variable

facial.mask

strict facial-mask policy

(0.00, 0.44, 0.49)

Policies

\(B_{i,t}\)

Social distancing behavior variable

growth.transactions

\(\ln (\)weekly growth rate of transactions)

\((0.00, -0.01,0.08)\)

Consumption

\(\varvec{D}_{i}\)

Demographic variables

population

population

\((234'650,326^\prime 311,348^\prime 969)\)

Population

perc.o80

age \(\ge 80\) years in \(\%\)

(5.29, 5.44, 0.74)

Population

density

people per \(\text {km}^2\) of settlement area

(2503, 2780, 1253)

Population

\(H_{i,t}\)

Holiday indicator

holiday

official school holiday indicator

(0.00, 0.08, 0.25)

Holidays

\(\varvec{W}_{i,t}\)

Meteorological variables

sunshine

sunshine in minutes per day

(248, 288, 192)

Weather

temperature

mean air temperature in \(^\circ \text {C}\)

(11.36, 11.89, 7.15)

Weather

humidity

relative humidity in \(\%\)

(78.94, 76.62, 9.10)

Weather

\(\varvec{P}_{i,t}\)

Non-pharmaceutical policy variables

work.closing

closing of workplaces policy

(1.00, 1.49, 0.71)

Policies

school.closing

closing of schools policy

(1.00, 1.32, 0.47)

Policies

rest.gatherings

restrictions on gatherings policy

(2.00, 2.04, 1.12)

Policies

canc.events

cancelation of public events policy

(1.00, 1.37, 0.47)

Policies

testing.policy

testing policy

(2.00, 2.42, 0.48)

Policies